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Digital Analysis (QAM View OPT4): Constellation Mode

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Common Impairment Types

Figures 9-12 through 9-14 show constellation displays depicting three

common impairments – thermal (system) noise, phase noise, and coherent

interference. Gain compression and I/Q imbalance (not shown here) are

examples of two other impairment types with specific graphic signatures.

Thermal noise impairments cause the dots on the graph to spread out

toward the grid lines (decision boundaries), indicating significant errors (see

Fig. 9-12). The zoom feature would show more detail about the position of

these dots in relation to the grid lines.

Fig. 9-12 Thermal Noise Impairment

Phase noise impairments cause the dots on the graph to form a circular

pattern (see Fig. 9-13). Phase noise is best seen on the grid without the use

of the zoom feature.

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